Daily News Analysis: 28 October 2024

GST: A Classical Example of Cooperative Federalism

Chief Justice of India, D.Y. Chandrachud, hailed the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) as a “classical example of cooperative federalism.” GST represents a significant shift in India’s tax structure, where both the Centre and the states work together to create a unified tax regime. This collaboration between different levels of government has been instrumental in streamlining indirect taxation across the country.

Key Points:

• Cooperative Federalism: GST exemplifies how the Centre and states can collaborate on policy-making while respecting each other’s roles. The GST Council, which includes representatives from both levels, ensures that decisions are made through consensus.
• Challenges: Despite its success, tensions have arisen over issues like delayed compensation to states, particularly during economic downturns such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Some states have expressed concerns about the Centre’s dominant role in decision-making within the GST Council49.

Digital Infrastructure Growth Initiative for India (DiGi Framework)

The U.S., Japan, and South Korea have jointly launched the Digital Infrastructure Growth Initiative for India (DiGi Framework). This initiative aims to boost India’s digital infrastructure by focusing on key areas such as 5G technology, data centers, AI, and smart cities.

Key Features:

• Collaboration: The partnership involves financial institutions like the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC), Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), and Korea Eximbank working with Indian private sector companies.
• Focus Areas: The framework will support projects related to 5G networks, optical fiber deployment, submarine cables, and AI technologies. These efforts are expected to enhance India’s digital connectivity and foster innovation5.

Urbanisation & Groundwater Depletion in Indian States

A new study has highlighted the alarming depletion of groundwater reserves in five Indian states—Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Kerala. The study found a direct link between rapid urbanization and industrialization with declining groundwater levels.

Key Findings:

• Groundwater Loss: Punjab and Haryana have experienced the most significant declines in groundwater levels due to increased industrial activity and urban expansion.
• Impact on Agriculture: In states like Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, groundwater depletion is also linked to agricultural practices. However, domestic and industrial water use has surged significantly in these regions6.

Pandemic Fund Project Launched

The Ministry of Fisheries has launched the Pandemic Fund Project on Animal Health Security with a $25 million investment from the G20 Pandemic Fund. This initiative aims to strengthen India’s animal health systems and prevent zoonotic diseases.

Key Components:

• Veterinary Guidelines: The project includes Standard Veterinary Treatment Guidelines (SVTG) to improve livestock health.
• Crisis Management Plan: A framework for managing outbreaks of animal diseases has been introduced to ensure rapid response during health crises1.

ISRO Announces New Dates for Gaganyaan Mission & Chandrayaan-4

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chairman S. Somanath has announced updated timelines for two major space missions:

• Gaganyaan Mission: India’s first manned space mission is now scheduled for 2026.
• Chandrayaan-4: A sample return mission from the moon is planned for 2028. Additionally, ISRO is collaborating with Japan’s JAXA on Chandrayaan-5 for a joint moon landing mission710.

YuvAi Initiative & Center for Generative AI at IIT Jodhpur

IndiaAI and Meta have launched the Center for Generative AI at IIT Jodhpur under the “YuvAI Initiative.” This center will focus on advancing research in artificial intelligence (AI) while promoting open-source innovation.

Key Objectives:

• Skill Development: The YuvAI initiative aims to train over 100,000 students and young developers in AI technologies over three years.
• Generative AI Research: The center will focus on responsible AI development with applications in education, healthcare, and mobility814.

Guidelines to Bolster Seaweed Production in India

The government has released new guidelines aimed at boosting seaweed production in coastal regions. These guidelines will facilitate the import of high-quality seaweed germplasm to support local enterprises.

Significance:

• Seaweed farming can provide livelihood opportunities for coastal communities while contributing to environmental conservation through carbon sequestration1.

Formation Day of NDMA

The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) celebrated its 20th Formation Day on 28 October 2024. Established under the Disaster Management Act of 2005, NDMA plays a crucial role in coordinating disaster response efforts across India.

Key Responsibilities:

• Laying down policies for disaster management.
• Coordinating disaster response efforts between central and state governments1.

Pradhan Mantri Matsya Kisan Samridhi Sah-Yojana

The Department of Fisheries convened a key meeting to enhance the implementation of this scheme aimed at promoting sustainable aquaculture practices

.Objectives:

• Formalizing the fisheries sector.
• Improving access to credit and promoting aquaculture insurance1.

21st Livestock Census

The government has released preliminary findings from the 21st Livestock Census. India remains one of the largest producers of livestock products globally.

Key Data:

• India has over 536 million livestock animals.
• The census highlights growth in dairy production as well as challenges related to disease management1.

ISRO & DBT Sign Agreement for Biotechnology Experiments in Space

ISRO has signed an agreement with the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) to conduct biotechnology experiments aboard India’s upcoming space station. This collaboration will explore advancements in biopharmaceuticals and agriculture through space-based research

Hasdeo Arand Mining Issue

Environmental activists continue their protests against mining activities in Hasdeo Arand forest due to concerns over deforestation and displacement of indigenous communities.

Key Concerns:

• Hasdeo Arand is one of India’s largest contiguous forest areas rich in biodiversity.
• Mining activities are seen as a threat to both local ecosystems and tribal livelihoods1.

Mangroves’ Role in Disaster Mitigation

A new report emphasizes the critical role mangroves play in mitigating natural disasters along India’s coastline. Mangroves act as natural barriers against storm surges and coastal erosion.

Key Points:

• Mangroves absorb wave energy during storms, reducing damage to coastal infrastructure.
• The report calls for increased efforts to conserve mangrove ecosystems as part of climate adaptation strategies1.

This analysis provides a comprehensive overview of key developments across various sectors on 28 October 2024. From cooperative federalism exemplified by GST reforms to advancements in India’s space missions and digital infrastructure initiatives, these stories reflect ongoing efforts toward sustainable development and technological progress across India.